What is HTTPS

• HTTP (Hyper Transfer Protocol) over TLS (Transport Layer Security)
• After the TCP handshake, a TLS handshake is performed
  • Once completed, HTTP requests and responses are exchanged in encrypted communication

Features of TLS

Functions provided by the TLS protocol

• Confidentiality
  • Data cannot be viewed on the network path
• Integrity
  • Prevents tampering with communication data
    • Ensures integrity through Message Authentication Code (MAC)
• Authenticity
  • Prevents impersonation
  • Server certificates issued by certification authorities are used by browsers to determine the legitimacy of the accessed site

Background of Comprehensive HTTPS Adoption

• State-level hacking undermines the reliability of the internet

• Recommendation for HTTPS adoption

  • Development of new technologies based on encryption
  • Discontinuation of plaintext HTTP features in browsers
  • SEO advantages for HTTPS sites by browser vendors
  • Rise of free server certificate issuance services like Let’s Encrypt

Differences Between SSL and TLS

• SSL (Secure Socket Layer)
• TLS (Transport Layer Security)
• TLS is the next-generation standard of SSL
  • Vulnerabilities in SSL3.0 released in 1995 (POODLE) were discovered in 2014.
    • The only security measure is to disable SSL
  • TLS1.0 was released in 1999
  • Only slight differences from SSL
  • TLS1.1 was released in 2006

References

• Why HTTPS Now? The History and Technical Background of TLS That Engineers Should Know for Internet Reliability
• What are the Differences Between SSL and TLS